Lone Islands has as starting point the low birth rate observed in Japan, and expands to become political, social, economical, cultural and intimate. I look at the causes and consequences of this “problem” and its possible solutions. The images produced are the result of two residencies in Tokyo and trips to Kyushu, the prefectures of Kyoto, Gifu and Niigata and the islands of Sado and Yakushima in order to establish a comparison between urban and rural territory. This work depicts a portrait of actual Japan, far from the time when the country experienced flamboyant economic growth between the 1960s and 1990s. After the oil shock of 1973 and the bursting of the speculative bubble in the 1990s, today the Archipelago is facing a decline, also demographically. The current era and economic difficulties highlight the limits of the nuclear family, where it is always the mother’s responsibility to take care of the house and the children. The subjects of family, love, patriarchy, ageing, and social pressure are broached with a desire to deconstruct stereotypes about Japan, to bring nuance and to highlight the complexity of the subject studied as a whole. What if, in addition to economic stagnation, this demographic decline resulted from the opposition between tradition and modernity?